PART 1
Abdul Jalal Part 1 Complete Hausa Novel · about 8 min read
_Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim, da sunan Allah me Rahma me jin kai, Allah ka yi salati a bisa shugaban mu Annabi Muhammad (salallahu alaihi wassalam)
Bayan haka, ban rubuta wannan littafi domin cin zarafin wani ko wata ba, na yi shine domin nishadantarwa, da kuma wa'azantarwa,
ku biyoni domin jin me wannan labarin ya kunsa.
Ina maraba da shawarwari, sharhi, ko kuma gyara, nagode.
I want comments not stickers
Comments dinku
shine kwarin gwiwata
Special thanks to u my motivator
I dedicate this page to you
Anty MARYAM
_My first novel_
"Shigomana ya kika tsaya anan"
Dagewa tayi ta boye tsoronta ta dai dai ta nutsuwarta, tashiga cikin dakin
"Kanwata ga Abokina kuma Dan uwana wato Jalal dukda kin sanshi amma nasan bazaki tunashi ba lokacin kina Karama sosai "
Kallon Jalal tayi taga mugun kallon dayake mata amma ta basar
"Sannu"
abinda tafada kenan ta maida kallonta kan Jawwad
"Yaya naga kanada bako in kungama na dawo karka manta da kiran Abba"
Ta juya tafita tana godewa Allah a zuciyarta da Jalal bemata komai ba
"Wannan ce kanwartaka?"
"Yeah ya kaganta so gentle and innocent"
"Good"
shine abinda yafada kawai
Mikewa yayi tsaye zetafi
"Bros yazaka tafi muna magana"
"Inada abunyi ne"
Ya fice wato ma kanwar Jawwad ce tabdijan yanzu ta zagi banza kenan anya kuwa ze kyaleta ko dai yagaywa Jawwad yaja kunnen kanwarsa tafita a harkarsa, to meye amfanin hakan,
Tana ganin Jalal yafita ta koma gurin Jawwad tasameshi inda tabarshi be tashi ba, shiga tayi ta zauna tace
"Yaya Jawwad magana nakeson muyi"
"Am all ears sisyna ina jinki fadi abinda kikeso"
ta Dan gyara zamanta tana fuskantarsa Wanda bayan kujerar dayake ya kasance window ne
Zancen zuci yacigaba gsky y zama dole ya dau mataki inma ya kyaleta taci bulus kenan yana cikin wannan tunaninne se jeje yafado masa bari ya kirashi yaji wani shawaran ze bashi ne,
hannunsa ya zura a aljihu da niyyan ya dauka wayan se yaji babu yadan yi shiru seya tuna tana kan kujerar da ya zauna a dakin Jawwad
"Yaya Jawwad meye hadinka da mutumin nan ne?"
"Kina nufin Jalal?"
"Eh shi nake nufi"
"Abokina ne kuma Dan uwana"
"Ta Yaya yazama Dan uwanka Yaya Jawwad wannan ba aminin arziki bane halinku Sam ba daya bane kallafa sigari yake shamaka a daki da ganin idonsa kasan tarbiyya ba ta wadace shi ba, kalli askin kansa, daganin bakinsa wannan yana shaye
Zamanka tare da shi mutane zasu zata halinku daya Sam bashi da tarbiyya"
ta daga kanta wazata gani
kawai taga Jalal a tsaye a bakin window yana kallonta da jajayen idanuwansa
Wanda hakan ya tabbatar mata yaji abinda tace
Ras! Ras!! Ras!!! Gabanta yafadi
cikin palourn ya shigo ya dauki wayarsa bece komai ba ya fice
Jawwad be kawo komai a ransa ba Dan yasan halayen Jalal shiyasa bekawo yaji wani abuba kuma yabawa window baya Dan haka besan yazo wajen ba.
"Kinaji kanwata Jalal mutumin arziki ne ba yadda kike tunaniba inayimasa addu a in Allah ya yadda wataran zakiga ya dena ze wuce kaman ba ayiba kema kisashi cikin adduo'inki kidinga masa fatan shiriya"
"Yayana ka kula da kanka Dan Allah karka bari dabi'unsa su rinjayeka wataran Dan Allah"
"Karki damu kanwata ba abinda ze faru mun Dade tare da Jalal da zan zama irinsa da tuni na zama shima abinda kikaga yanayi kaddara ce babu abinda ze faru da yaddar Allah"
"To shikenan" ta fada tana mikewa
"Karka manta da kiran Abba
"to shikenan zanje insha Allah "
Jalal kam Shiru yayi yana tunanin wani mataki yakamata ya dauka akan yarinyar nan ga
ta kanwar amininsa kanwarma kuma wadda yakeso ta yaze hukunta yarinyar nan ya bakanta mata
ba tare da Jawwad ya gane ba baya son batawa abokinsa rai Dan tabbas in yayi mata wani abun Jawwad bazeji dadi ba,
Ko in kira Jeje yabani shawara idan na kirashima mezemin? wata zuciyar taba shi amsa
Mara tarbiyya!!! Wai nine bani da tarbiyya mtseeww yaja tsaki zakiga rashin tarbiyya ganin idonki.
(Kai JALAL bafa karya tayiba )
Jalila kuwa Cikin gida ta koma tunda ta shigo maama ta bita da wani irin kallo na zanyi maganinki ita kuwa Jalila bata san tanayi ba,
Gurin Abba nufa ta durkusa tace
"Abba nagaya masa yace yana zuwa"
"To shikenan diyata"
Wucewa tayi dakin su ta je ta tarar da Nana tana ninkin kaya taje ta zauna kusa da ita
"Nana kinsan me yafaru?"
Nana ta juyo ta bata dukkan attention dinta
"A'a sekin fada"
"Ingaya miki Jalal nagani adakin Yaya Jawwad yana ta shan sigari"
"Hmmm to ai bakiga komai ba Dan dai sigari kawai karewa har giya yake sha masa a daki wataran in yaje yasha yana tambelansa Yaya Jawwad ne yake nemo shi a club yakawo shi dakinsa ya kwantar da shi har giyar ta sake shi
Ke baki San komai bane shiyasa nace miki rabashi da Jalal ba abune me sauki ba" Nana ta karashe zancen jikinta a sanyaye
"Tabdijan kice abun babba ne ai in gaya miki dana ganshi a dakin bayan ya fita nakoma gurin Yaya Jawwad nai masa magana akan ya rabu da Jalal bashi da tarbiyya Ashe yadawo
daukar wayarsa
yaji duk abinda nafada bakiga kallon da yayi min ba"
Dan zaro ido Nana tayi
"Are u serious"
"Wlh dagaske nake yaji me nace bakiga mugun kallon da ya dingamin ba"
"Tabdijan Jalila garin Yaya haka tafaru aikuwa kinci sa a Yaya Jawwad yana gurin da wallahi inaga seya kusa sumar dake"
"To dai Allah ya rufamin asiri
Bari in Dan kwanta in huta"
"Sarkin bacci ko gajiya ba kyayi Allah ya kiyaye haduwarki dashi"
"Shi wa?"
"Kinfini Sani"
Murmushi kawai tayi ta hau gadon ta kwanta.
Nana kuma tacigaba da ninke kayanta,
Befi 10 minutes da kwanciyar Jalila ba
Ilham tayi sallama
"Mutuniyar kinji gori kenan yau se gashi kinzo anya makuwa bawani abun yakawoki ba" Nana tafada cikeda zolaya
"Hmmm ke dai bari Nana akwai magana ne,
sister dinki bacci takene?"
"Eh bacci takeyi meyafaru"
Cike da damuwa ta kalli Nana
"Nana Yaya Jalal ne"
"Wani abunne yasameshi?"
Nana ta tambaya
"Aa Nana kin San dai zancen, ta tsuniyar gizo bata wuce koki hankalin yaya Jalal Sam baya kaina wlh ko kallo ban isheshi ba komai nayi bana birgeshi ke mukwana gida daya mu tashi amma semu shafe kwanaki ko kallon inda nake beba
Abun yana damuna Nana ina matukar kaunarshi amma shiko a jikinsa ni ban San meyake damun saba kaman ba mutum ba"
Nana ta dan dafata da sigar rarrashi
"Ilham inso cutane hakuri maganine kicigaba da hakuri kina addu'a insha Allah komai zezo karshe"
"Nana in ba ya Jalal na aura ba bazan iya zaman aure ba, dashi nake so na rayu yazama uban yayana ,
nifa ko karatu bazan iya cigaba ba sonake munayin SSCE ya aureni narasa yadda zanyi gashi mummy ma ba jin maganarta yake ba itama tayi kokarinta amma yaki saurarona
Dama daddy ba a maganarsa don baze taba tursasa shi ba Ina cikin damuwa"
Daga inda Jalila take kwance ta tashi zaune Dan taji hirar dasuke ba bacci take ba, dannan waya take,
"Aikuwa kina tattare da nasani a rayuwarki damuwa yanzu kikafara muddun kika zabi dan giya a matsayin uban yayanki karki biyewa son zuciya ki cutar da yayan dazaki Haifa a nan gaba auren Jalal babu abinda zaki kwasa bayan bacin rai da dunbin danasani"
Kallonta Ilham tayi tana nanata Kalmar Dan giya aranta lallai Jalila bata da mutunci a gabanta take kiran Jalal Dan giya banda shishshigi da munafurci wayasakota a ciki
Lallai bata sanniba akan Yaya Jalal banki imbata da kowace ce ba
Ta kalli Jalila rai a bace
"Kekuma wayasa dake a gabana kike cin zarafin Dan uwana kuma masoyina Dan giya wannan ba magana bace at least yana abokin yayanki ya cancan ci ki mutuntashi"
"Taya kike tunanin in girmama Wanda be girmama mahaifiyarsa ba, Sam Jalal ba abin girmamawa bane, kema zuciya yace take rudarki, kokuma akwai wani sirri a ranki da kike boyewa, Wanda bakowa yasani ba
in bahakaba babu macen dazatayi sha'awar rayuwar aure da Wanda bayajin maganar iyayensa inba kema irinsa bace fitinanniya""
Da sauri Ilham ta kalli Jalila,
Jalila ta Dan daga mata gira
"Nayi karyane"
Gaban Ilham ne yafadi akwai wani abu danake boyewa da bakowa yasani ba ya akai tasan hakan???
"Ba abin mamaki ko tuhuma
a maganata, shawarace kawai tun wuri kisake tunani kinemi hanya me bullewa wannan shshashan be cancanci zama miji ba balle uba in bahakaba seyasaki kukan da kekanki bazaki iya hana kanki ba" cewar Jalila
"Enough please meyasa baki da ta ido kinacin zarafin dan uwana kina kiransa da dan giya agabana!!" Ilham tafada cikin shouting
"Hold on madam ba ayimin shouting" Jalila ta katseta
"Haba mene haka kukeyine bafa yarane kuba wannan be kamata ba we are all sisters"
Tabe baki Jalila tayi tace
"Ilham nasan zakiji ba dadi amma gaskiya nagaya miki"
Bari inje waje in Baku guri ina bukatar recharge card zani insiyo ta dau hijabinta tasaka tafice
Gajiya yayi da kwanciya ga bacin rai yana fama a banza akan wannan shedaniyar yarinyar yafito kofar Gida da sigarinsa a hannu kaman kullum
Bari yaje Jawwad yazo yarakashi su Dan zaga gari koze rage takaici ya sha sigari kusan kara 7 amma har yanzu ransa a bace yake
Cikin gidansu Jawwad yakoma yanufi bangaren Jawwad wayarsa tafara ringing tsayawa yayi ya dakko wayar Cwt dad ne ke kiransa murmushi yadanyi yadaga wayar.
Tazo fita taganshi tsaye bangaren Yaya Jawwad yana amsa waya yana murmushi
Kai amma wannan akwai nacin bala'i wai dama yana murmushi
Dogon tsaki taja Wanda yasashi waigowa
" dubeshi dan Allah kalli askin kanka daganin wannan askin bana mutanene kirki bane kullum baki cikin fidda hayaki kaman salansan tifa ko gajiya bakayi, kuma kazo ka likewa Dan uwana mutumin kirki kana nema ka lalata shi,
Kai dashi akwai banbanci shi yana da tarbiyya yana girmama iyayensa sabanin kai kaga kunada banbanci!!!"".
(Turkashi kindebota da zafi Jalila mekuke tunani zefaru keep following aakwai cakwakiya fa!!!!!!!!!)
Please share
more comments more typing............
https://chat.whatsapp.com/EtB4KI52K0v5FQc2ELhidL.
[8/31, 8:26 AM] Safiyya:
_ABDUL
JALAL_
_WRITTEN BY AISHA HUMAIRA_
(Daddy's girl)
PAGE-
Bayan haka, ban rubuta wannan littafi domin cin zarafin wani ko wata ba, na yi shine domin nishadantarwa, da kuma wa'azantarwa,
ku biyoni domin jin me wannan labarin ya kunsa.
Ina maraba da shawarwari, sharhi, ko kuma gyara, nagode.
I want comments not stickers
Comments dinku
shine kwarin gwiwata
Special thanks to u my motivator
I dedicate this page to you
Anty MARYAM
_My first novel_
"Shigomana ya kika tsaya anan"
Dagewa tayi ta boye tsoronta ta dai dai ta nutsuwarta, tashiga cikin dakin
"Kanwata ga Abokina kuma Dan uwana wato Jalal dukda kin sanshi amma nasan bazaki tunashi ba lokacin kina Karama sosai "
Kallon Jalal tayi taga mugun kallon dayake mata amma ta basar
"Sannu"
abinda tafada kenan ta maida kallonta kan Jawwad
"Yaya naga kanada bako in kungama na dawo karka manta da kiran Abba"
Ta juya tafita tana godewa Allah a zuciyarta da Jalal bemata komai ba
"Wannan ce kanwartaka?"
"Yeah ya kaganta so gentle and innocent"
"Good"
shine abinda yafada kawai
Mikewa yayi tsaye zetafi
"Bros yazaka tafi muna magana"
"Inada abunyi ne"
Ya fice wato ma kanwar Jawwad ce tabdijan yanzu ta zagi banza kenan anya kuwa ze kyaleta ko dai yagaywa Jawwad yaja kunnen kanwarsa tafita a harkarsa, to meye amfanin hakan,
Tana ganin Jalal yafita ta koma gurin Jawwad tasameshi inda tabarshi be tashi ba, shiga tayi ta zauna tace
"Yaya Jawwad magana nakeson muyi"
"Am all ears sisyna ina jinki fadi abinda kikeso"
ta Dan gyara zamanta tana fuskantarsa Wanda bayan kujerar dayake ya kasance window ne
Zancen zuci yacigaba gsky y zama dole ya dau mataki inma ya kyaleta taci bulus kenan yana cikin wannan tunaninne se jeje yafado masa bari ya kirashi yaji wani shawaran ze bashi ne,
hannunsa ya zura a aljihu da niyyan ya dauka wayan se yaji babu yadan yi shiru seya tuna tana kan kujerar da ya zauna a dakin Jawwad
"Yaya Jawwad meye hadinka da mutumin nan ne?"
"Kina nufin Jalal?"
"Eh shi nake nufi"
"Abokina ne kuma Dan uwana"
"Ta Yaya yazama Dan uwanka Yaya Jawwad wannan ba aminin arziki bane halinku Sam ba daya bane kallafa sigari yake shamaka a daki da ganin idonsa kasan tarbiyya ba ta wadace shi ba, kalli askin kansa, daganin bakinsa wannan yana shaye
Zamanka tare da shi mutane zasu zata halinku daya Sam bashi da tarbiyya"
ta daga kanta wazata gani
kawai taga Jalal a tsaye a bakin window yana kallonta da jajayen idanuwansa
Wanda hakan ya tabbatar mata yaji abinda tace
Ras! Ras!! Ras!!! Gabanta yafadi
cikin palourn ya shigo ya dauki wayarsa bece komai ba ya fice
Jawwad be kawo komai a ransa ba Dan yasan halayen Jalal shiyasa bekawo yaji wani abuba kuma yabawa window baya Dan haka besan yazo wajen ba.
"Kinaji kanwata Jalal mutumin arziki ne ba yadda kike tunaniba inayimasa addu a in Allah ya yadda wataran zakiga ya dena ze wuce kaman ba ayiba kema kisashi cikin adduo'inki kidinga masa fatan shiriya"
"Yayana ka kula da kanka Dan Allah karka bari dabi'unsa su rinjayeka wataran Dan Allah"
"Karki damu kanwata ba abinda ze faru mun Dade tare da Jalal da zan zama irinsa da tuni na zama shima abinda kikaga yanayi kaddara ce babu abinda ze faru da yaddar Allah"
"To shikenan" ta fada tana mikewa
"Karka manta da kiran Abba
"to shikenan zanje insha Allah "
Jalal kam Shiru yayi yana tunanin wani mataki yakamata ya dauka akan yarinyar nan ga
ta kanwar amininsa kanwarma kuma wadda yakeso ta yaze hukunta yarinyar nan ya bakanta mata
ba tare da Jawwad ya gane ba baya son batawa abokinsa rai Dan tabbas in yayi mata wani abun Jawwad bazeji dadi ba,
Ko in kira Jeje yabani shawara idan na kirashima mezemin? wata zuciyar taba shi amsa
Mara tarbiyya!!! Wai nine bani da tarbiyya mtseeww yaja tsaki zakiga rashin tarbiyya ganin idonki.
(Kai JALAL bafa karya tayiba )
Jalila kuwa Cikin gida ta koma tunda ta shigo maama ta bita da wani irin kallo na zanyi maganinki ita kuwa Jalila bata san tanayi ba,
Gurin Abba nufa ta durkusa tace
"Abba nagaya masa yace yana zuwa"
"To shikenan diyata"
Wucewa tayi dakin su ta je ta tarar da Nana tana ninkin kaya taje ta zauna kusa da ita
"Nana kinsan me yafaru?"
Nana ta juyo ta bata dukkan attention dinta
"A'a sekin fada"
"Ingaya miki Jalal nagani adakin Yaya Jawwad yana ta shan sigari"
"Hmmm to ai bakiga komai ba Dan dai sigari kawai karewa har giya yake sha masa a daki wataran in yaje yasha yana tambelansa Yaya Jawwad ne yake nemo shi a club yakawo shi dakinsa ya kwantar da shi har giyar ta sake shi
Ke baki San komai bane shiyasa nace miki rabashi da Jalal ba abune me sauki ba" Nana ta karashe zancen jikinta a sanyaye
"Tabdijan kice abun babba ne ai in gaya miki dana ganshi a dakin bayan ya fita nakoma gurin Yaya Jawwad nai masa magana akan ya rabu da Jalal bashi da tarbiyya Ashe yadawo
daukar wayarsa
yaji duk abinda nafada bakiga kallon da yayi min ba"
Dan zaro ido Nana tayi
"Are u serious"
"Wlh dagaske nake yaji me nace bakiga mugun kallon da ya dingamin ba"
"Tabdijan Jalila garin Yaya haka tafaru aikuwa kinci sa a Yaya Jawwad yana gurin da wallahi inaga seya kusa sumar dake"
"To dai Allah ya rufamin asiri
Bari in Dan kwanta in huta"
"Sarkin bacci ko gajiya ba kyayi Allah ya kiyaye haduwarki dashi"
"Shi wa?"
"Kinfini Sani"
Murmushi kawai tayi ta hau gadon ta kwanta.
Nana kuma tacigaba da ninke kayanta,
Befi 10 minutes da kwanciyar Jalila ba
Ilham tayi sallama
"Mutuniyar kinji gori kenan yau se gashi kinzo anya makuwa bawani abun yakawoki ba" Nana tafada cikeda zolaya
"Hmmm ke dai bari Nana akwai magana ne,
sister dinki bacci takene?"
"Eh bacci takeyi meyafaru"
Cike da damuwa ta kalli Nana
"Nana Yaya Jalal ne"
"Wani abunne yasameshi?"
Nana ta tambaya
"Aa Nana kin San dai zancen, ta tsuniyar gizo bata wuce koki hankalin yaya Jalal Sam baya kaina wlh ko kallo ban isheshi ba komai nayi bana birgeshi ke mukwana gida daya mu tashi amma semu shafe kwanaki ko kallon inda nake beba
Abun yana damuna Nana ina matukar kaunarshi amma shiko a jikinsa ni ban San meyake damun saba kaman ba mutum ba"
Nana ta dan dafata da sigar rarrashi
"Ilham inso cutane hakuri maganine kicigaba da hakuri kina addu'a insha Allah komai zezo karshe"
"Nana in ba ya Jalal na aura ba bazan iya zaman aure ba, dashi nake so na rayu yazama uban yayana ,
nifa ko karatu bazan iya cigaba ba sonake munayin SSCE ya aureni narasa yadda zanyi gashi mummy ma ba jin maganarta yake ba itama tayi kokarinta amma yaki saurarona
Dama daddy ba a maganarsa don baze taba tursasa shi ba Ina cikin damuwa"
Daga inda Jalila take kwance ta tashi zaune Dan taji hirar dasuke ba bacci take ba, dannan waya take,
"Aikuwa kina tattare da nasani a rayuwarki damuwa yanzu kikafara muddun kika zabi dan giya a matsayin uban yayanki karki biyewa son zuciya ki cutar da yayan dazaki Haifa a nan gaba auren Jalal babu abinda zaki kwasa bayan bacin rai da dunbin danasani"
Kallonta Ilham tayi tana nanata Kalmar Dan giya aranta lallai Jalila bata da mutunci a gabanta take kiran Jalal Dan giya banda shishshigi da munafurci wayasakota a ciki
Lallai bata sanniba akan Yaya Jalal banki imbata da kowace ce ba
Ta kalli Jalila rai a bace
"Kekuma wayasa dake a gabana kike cin zarafin Dan uwana kuma masoyina Dan giya wannan ba magana bace at least yana abokin yayanki ya cancan ci ki mutuntashi"
"Taya kike tunanin in girmama Wanda be girmama mahaifiyarsa ba, Sam Jalal ba abin girmamawa bane, kema zuciya yace take rudarki, kokuma akwai wani sirri a ranki da kike boyewa, Wanda bakowa yasani ba
in bahakaba babu macen dazatayi sha'awar rayuwar aure da Wanda bayajin maganar iyayensa inba kema irinsa bace fitinanniya""
Da sauri Ilham ta kalli Jalila,
Jalila ta Dan daga mata gira
"Nayi karyane"
Gaban Ilham ne yafadi akwai wani abu danake boyewa da bakowa yasani ba ya akai tasan hakan???
"Ba abin mamaki ko tuhuma
a maganata, shawarace kawai tun wuri kisake tunani kinemi hanya me bullewa wannan shshashan be cancanci zama miji ba balle uba in bahakaba seyasaki kukan da kekanki bazaki iya hana kanki ba" cewar Jalila
"Enough please meyasa baki da ta ido kinacin zarafin dan uwana kina kiransa da dan giya agabana!!" Ilham tafada cikin shouting
"Hold on madam ba ayimin shouting" Jalila ta katseta
"Haba mene haka kukeyine bafa yarane kuba wannan be kamata ba we are all sisters"
Tabe baki Jalila tayi tace
"Ilham nasan zakiji ba dadi amma gaskiya nagaya miki"
Bari inje waje in Baku guri ina bukatar recharge card zani insiyo ta dau hijabinta tasaka tafice
Gajiya yayi da kwanciya ga bacin rai yana fama a banza akan wannan shedaniyar yarinyar yafito kofar Gida da sigarinsa a hannu kaman kullum
Bari yaje Jawwad yazo yarakashi su Dan zaga gari koze rage takaici ya sha sigari kusan kara 7 amma har yanzu ransa a bace yake
Cikin gidansu Jawwad yakoma yanufi bangaren Jawwad wayarsa tafara ringing tsayawa yayi ya dakko wayar Cwt dad ne ke kiransa murmushi yadanyi yadaga wayar.
Tazo fita taganshi tsaye bangaren Yaya Jawwad yana amsa waya yana murmushi
Kai amma wannan akwai nacin bala'i wai dama yana murmushi
Dogon tsaki taja Wanda yasashi waigowa
" dubeshi dan Allah kalli askin kanka daganin wannan askin bana mutanene kirki bane kullum baki cikin fidda hayaki kaman salansan tifa ko gajiya bakayi, kuma kazo ka likewa Dan uwana mutumin kirki kana nema ka lalata shi,
Kai dashi akwai banbanci shi yana da tarbiyya yana girmama iyayensa sabanin kai kaga kunada banbanci!!!"".
(Turkashi kindebota da zafi Jalila mekuke tunani zefaru keep following aakwai cakwakiya fa!!!!!!!!!)
Please share
more comments more typing............
https://chat.whatsapp.com/EtB4KI52K0v5FQc2ELhidL.
[8/31, 8:26 AM] Safiyya:
_ABDUL
JALAL_
_WRITTEN BY AISHA HUMAIRA_
(Daddy's girl)
PAGE-