ABOUT THIS BOOK
Description
Those who first settled in Ilorin were the Baruba, who lived there for many years and regarded the area as their own; later they left, for reasons unknown. After them came Ojo Isekuse, a Yoruba chief, who settled near a sharp rock where hunters used to gather and sharpen or play with their tools. Ilorin was named after that sharp rock, which is said to still exist. It is alleged that Ojo Isekuse left after committing incest with his daughter, and then a relative named Asaju settled near the sharpening rock. After Asaju, many people settled in different independent villages around the area now known as Ilorin.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Ilorin lay on the northeastern edge of the Oyo Empire and had a mixed population of Yoruba, Hausa, and Fulani people. It became the headquarters of an Oyo general, Afonja, who was the war commander and held the title associated with the throne of Ilorin. He later rebelled to avoid carrying out a suicidal war campaign he had been ordered to undertake by the Alaafin of Oyo. There was also an Islamic scholar named Shehu Alimi, who had fled from Oyo because of persecution by the Ogboni secret society.
Shehu Alimi and Afonja formed an alliance to fight the advancing Oyo forces, and they defeated them in the first battle. The Alaafin then decided to send a much larger army that was expected to kill the rebel Afonja and eliminate the scholar Shehu Alimi, who had provided military support by inviting the Jama’a. The forces of the Jama’a and Afonja launched a devastating attack on Oyo-Ile, the capital of the old Oyo Empire, and burned it down.
Ilorin became a major political and military power after the fall of old Oyo. Without formally taking the same title, Afonja and Alimi provided leadership for the people living in the area. Afonja and Salih Janta, also known as Shehu Alimi, maintained a good relationship until Alimi died in old age.
After the death of Shehu Alimi, there was a struggle over the rulership of Ilorin, which was then a rising town. The Alfas wanted to establish an Islamic caliphate based on learning, while Afonja planned to restore his full authority. However, Abdulsalam emerged with the support of his fighters. They held strong control over the Jama’a, who formed the greater part of Ilorin’s army. Afonja was killed during Abdulsalam’s rule, when conflict broke out between the Yoruba soldiers and the Jama’a, leading to Afonja’s downfall. As a result, Yoruba religion and Egungun practices were suppressed in Ilorin. Ilorin then became an emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate.
For some time, Ilorin was a major center of the slave trade. In the past, slaves had mainly been sent north across the Sahara, but now they were also sent south through Yoruba lands to the coast to meet demand from America, the West Indies, and Brazil. Slaves were taken from Igbo lands in the east, from conquered Yoruba towns, and from frontier regions in the north, and were exchanged for cloth and other goods.
Ilorin continued expanding southward until its advance was checked in the 1830s by the growing power of Ibadan, in present-day Oyo State. Ilorin’s cavalry was not very effective in the southern forest zone, and by the 1850s, Ibadan had obtained firearms from European traders on the coast. In 1897, the Royal Niger Company took control of the capital, and in 1900 its territories were incorporated into the British Protectorate of Northern Nigeria, although the emirate continued to function.
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